DFIR Global

The MITRE ATT&CK Credential Access (TA0006) tactic outlines techniques used by attackers to steal sensitive credentials like usernames, passwords, or cryptographic keys. These credentials allow adversaries to access critical systems and move laterally within a network, often with escalated privileges. Common methods include keylogging, credential dumping, brute-force attacks, phishing, and stealing credentials stored in web browsers or cloud services. By obtaining these credentials, attackers can gain further access to sensitive data and systems without raising suspicion.

For more information, visit the MITRE ATT&CK Credential Access page.

Key Techniques:

1. Credential Dumping: Attackers extract credentials from operating system memory, password databases, or other sensitive storage locations. This may involve using tools such as Mimikatz or dumping Security Account Manager (SAM) files in Windows environments.
2. Brute-Force Attacks: In this technique, adversaries attempt to guess passwords by systematically trying a large number of possible combinations. This may include dictionary attacks or more focused attempts on weak or default passwords.
3. Keylogging: Attackers use software or hardware keyloggers to record keystrokes on a victim’s machine, capturing sensitive information like usernames and passwords as they are typed.
4. Phishing for Credentials: Through phishing attacks, adversaries trick users into revealing their credentials, often by impersonating trusted entities or using fake login portals to capture usernames and passwords.
5. Password Spraying: This technique involves attempting to use a few common passwords across many accounts, exploiting weak passwords without locking users out due to failed login attempts.
6. Web Browser Credential Theft: Attackers may extract credentials stored in web browsers’ password managers or cookies. Since users often store credentials for convenience, these stored items become easy targets for theft.
7. Cloud Credential Theft: With the increased use of cloud services, attackers may steal cloud credentials stored in code, configuration files, or from other compromised systems to access cloud resources or services.
8. Exploitation of Password Managers: Attackers may target vulnerabilities in password managers to gain access to a centralized database of passwords. Compromising these tools provides a treasure trove of credentials.

Mitigation Strategies:

1. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Implementing MFA for critical accounts can make it much harder for attackers to use stolen credentials, as they would need a second factor beyond a password.
2. Regular Credential Audits: Continuously audit the use and storage of credentials within the organization. Ensure that sensitive credentials are rotated regularly, particularly after suspected compromises.
3. Endpoint Security Solutions: Deploy tools that detect keyloggers, credential dumping, or other malicious activities targeting credentials. Continuous monitoring of memory and sensitive files can help detect anomalous behavior.
4. Password Policies: Enforce strong password policies, including complexity requirements and password change intervals, to limit the effectiveness of brute-force and password spraying attacks.
5. Credential Encryption: Encrypt credentials wherever possible, particularly when storing them in files, databases, or browser password managers.
6. User Training: Educate employees on recognizing phishing attacks and safe credential practices. User awareness plays a significant role in reducing credential theft through social engineering.

By deploying these defensive measures, organizations can reduce the risk of credential access attacks and minimize the potential damage caused by compromised credentials.

For more detailed information, visit the MITRE ATT&CK Credential Access page.